War Against South Lebanon and the South Lebanese Army
By C. Hajjar
May 2007

Background
From 1975 to 2005, Lebanon totally lost her prosperity, stability, sovereignty, independence and freedom.
The pattern of harassment, kidnappings and assassinations by PLO operatives and Syrians in Palestinian uniforms had been ongoing since the mid-1960s, when the PLO was founded, long before the events of 1968-1969 and 1975.

Prior to the founding of the PLO, Syria 's rejection of Lebanon 's right to exist caused it to interfere in Lebanese affairs whenever it could. On September 12, 1957 and May 3-8, 1958, when a contingent of Internal Security Forces (ISF) was attacked and its members killed in Deir El Ashayer; when 200 Syrian soldiers attacked and occupied the village of Kfarchouba in south Lebanon, killing the villagers and an officer; and when 5 customs officers were assassinated in cold blood at Masnaa, the crossing point at the Lebanese-Syrian border. From June to December 1958, the Lebanese Army lost 35 soldiers.

Since that period, Palestinians, Syrians, and later Syrian and Iranian organizations kidnapped, tortured, massacred, assassinated, slaughtered, raped and booby-trapped hundreds of innocent civilians, members of clergy, and Lebanese Army soldiers in the South, and all the areas of Lebanon.

In the South of the country, they attacked the villages of Jezzine, Kfarfalouss, Naqura, Bint Jbeil, Marjaayoun, Qoleiaa, Hasbaya, Debil, Deir Mimass, Ain El Mir, Roum, Anan, Shuwaya, Labaa, Rmeish, Kfarhouna, Aramta, Rihane, Ain Ebel, Beit Lif, Tebnine, Bkassine, Aytoula, El Taybeh, Sabbah, Houla, and in other regions of the South. They burned down and razed to the ground houses, churches, schools, the only two available hospitals, and entire villages, to occupy the remaining (8%) of Lebanese territory that was still free in 2000 from the Syrian/Palestinian/Iranian occupation. The goal was to undermine the state of lull between Lebanon and Israel , forcing Lebanon to remain until this day the only active war front against Israel under their unique control - from Fatahland to Hezbollahland.

An Officer of the South Lebanese Army reported to the media that between 1978 and 2000, 621 SLA soldiers and 200 southern civilians were killed and assassinated - a total of 821 fatalities - while 230 soldiers and 80 civilians, a combined figure of 310, were maimed. It was later confirmed that between the first attack and 2000, the overall number of victims was indeed 1630 persons.

1976
The Lebanese Army units, known as the SLA (South Lebanese Army), were officially dispatched by the Lebanese government to the South in 1976 and consisted of a nucleus of 600 regular Lebanese Army soldiers. They were cut off from the central government of Beirut by the PLO and by Syrian-sponsored renegade units of the Lebanese Army called "The Arab Army of Lebanon" under the command of the deserter Lieutenant Ahmed Al Khatib. Because of this, the South Lebanese Army remained on the payroll of the Lebanese Army at Yarzé and of the government until May 2000.

When the Syrians completed the takeover of the country in 1990, the SLA remained loyal to the pledge of defending their country, even after their own government that was under Syrian control branded them as the enemy.

Over the years, the Beirut Government officially designated the commanding officers to lead the South Lebanese Army, and they were: Saad Haddad, Sami Chidiac, and Antoine Lahad (unofficially designated-see below), who appointed the officers Sharbel Barakat, Samir El Hajj, Eid Eid, Adnan El Homsi, George Zaatar, Rizkallah El Fehaily, Hanna El Hajj and others, to assist them in the South.

The number of soldiers was 3,000 and even reached up to 5,000 at the peak of their history.

The inhabitants of the region joined the South Lebanese Army to defend their regions against the miscellaneous Syrian-Palestinian-Iranian invasions, in exactly the same way that the inhabitants of Beirut in 1989 joined PM General Aoun and his Army in defending their regions in the War of Liberation against the Syrians and their allies.

In 1976, the South Lebanese Army was known by its first name as the Army of the Free Lebanon (Jeysh Lebnaan el Horr).

The General Command of the Lebanese Army in Yarzé under its Army Commander-in-Chief General Hanna Said and the Ministry of Defense issued a military communiqué in 1976, assigning Major Saad Haddad to the Command of the South Lebanon Army. They appointed him Commander of the Division of Al-Qoleiaa (Qa’ed Katibat al-Qoleiaa) and the villages of Qoleiaa, Bourj El Moulouq, Kawkaba, Rmeich, Debil, Ain Ebel and Jdeidet Marjaayoun. The military missions assigned to that command included the following functions:

- Regrouping the soldiers who fled after their barracks fell to the PLO and the renegade Arab Army of Lebanon;

- Defending the regions and villages neighboring the zones of conflict against massacres and invasions;

- Maintaining the official truce that existed between Lebanon and Israel in order to avoid a general deterioration of the entire region into a Lebanese-Israeli war.

Major Saad Haddad was also the Lebanese Government’s official representative regarding all diplomatic contacts with the United Nations envoys in the South.

Between 1979 and 1982, the Syrians pressured President Elias Sarkis and Prime Minister Salim Hoss to charge Major Saad Haddad and the SLA with high treason, which was followed by cutting off their pay. The pressure became even more intense with the attempt to replace the South Lebanon Army by a Lebanese Army division called Kawkaba operating under Syrian control. Ever more so, Major Saad Haddad rejected any collaboration with the Syrian Regime.

Kurt Waldheim, Secretary General of the United Nations, and UNIFIL Commander General Erskin, both of whom were officially asked by the Lebanese Government to maintain official contacts through Major Saad Haddad, publicly criticized the Government for its contradictory and ambiguous position towards Major Saad Haddad’s legitimacy.

After General Hanna Said’s departure, the new Army Commander-in-Chief General Victor Khoury signed and addressed an official military order (Muzzaqaret Khedme Rasmiyeh) to Major Saad Haddad validating and confirming the continuity of his official functions in the South. All official correspondence between them was formulated as follows: “From the Army Commander-in-Chief General Victor Khoury to Commander of the Eastern Division, Major Saad Haddad…”

After the death of Major Saad Haddad in January 1984, the Command of the Lebanese Army in Yarzé, along with (former) President Camille Chamoun’s support, informally selected retired General Antoine Lahad as Commander of the South Lebanon Army.They assigned General Lahad to fill in the gap until United Nations Resolutions 425 and 520, related to the redeployment of the Lebanese Army in the South and all Lebanese territory, were implemented.

The Command of the Army paid the salaries of SLA troops from 1976 to 2000, with the exception of 1979-1982 when Hoss-Sarkis tried to block such payments, but the Commander of the Internal Security Forces refused to block the payments. Moreover, whenever the roads between Marjaayoun and Beirut were inaccessible and other means of transportation were impossible for distributing SLA wages and logistics supplies, the officer in charge, assigned by the Command of the Army in Yarzé, would reach Marjaayoun by traveling first by sea to the port of Haifa in Israel , then by land to Marjaayoun.

As the cutoff from Beirut persisted, President Sleiman Franjiyeh ordered the South Lebanon Army to open the border with Israel for the purposes of basic survival and humanitarian needs (hospitals, food, jobs, etc.). Former President Camille Chamoun encouraged and publicly congratulated the bravery of the South Lebanon Army through its Commander: “Thanks to Major Saad Haddad and his Army, the South will not face the same destiny as other Lebanese regions like Damour, Jiyyeh, Saaidiyet did…Genocide, massacres, ethnic cleansing, displacement and exile…” President Chamoun explained to the press and corrected General Erskin’s distorted declaration of facts and said, “There is a distortion of the truth from sources coming from General Erskin. We do not have in the border region of the South militias from the Christian right-wing and Phalangists. There is very simply a strong unit of the Lebanese Army, which includes approximately 600 men commanded by two officers of value, Commanders Haddad and Chidiac. This unit was helped out in its efforts by volunteers from the region; it faced during many months several assaults from Palestinian terrorist organizations and saved entire villages from massacres and destruction, such as Marjaayoun, Qoleiaa, Ain Ebel, Rmeish, etc…”

In fact, the SLA included over time Lebanese soldiers from the various communities – Christians, Druzes, and Shiites – thereby reflecting the diverse character of the Lebanese identity. Later, the Ambassador of the United States , Mr. Parker, after his meeting with President Sarkis and PM Hoss, approached the issue with President Chamoun of the government sending new Army units to the South. Chamoun replied with the same arguments: ”The Government has decided to send Lebanese manpower at its risks and perils…for us, there already exists an Army unit that is purely Lebanese, commanded by Major Haddad. Its presence has saved the Christian villages of the frontier zones from massacres. Otherwise, they would have experienced the fate of Damour and Aishiyeh…”


BRIEF CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS IN THE SOUTH:
- September 1957 to May 1958 – Syrian soldiers attacked and occupied the village of Kfarchouba in South Lebanon , killing the villagers and an officer.

- February 26, 1975 – A Palestinian gunman infiltrated a crowd of Lebanese fishermen demonstrating in the streets of Sidon , in south Lebanon , and attacked a patrol of the Lebanese Army in charge of maintaining order. A corporal was killed and two soldiers were wounded.

- February 28 to March 2, 1975 – Palestinians and the Saika Organization deployed in the city of Sidon , and twice attacked a Lebanese Army convoy along the main artery of the city. Six soldiers were killed, 40 others were wounded with nine civilians among them.

- January 1976 – PLO troops backed by Syrian Army irregulars and Ahmad Khatib’s Arab Army of Lebanon renegade troops attacked the isolated Christian town of Damour between Beirut and Sidon: 500 people were slaughtered overnight, another 5,000 escaped by sea to Beirut, and the town was razed to the ground

- March 10, 1976 – Yasser Arafat’s Fatah Organization, the renegade Syrian-sponsored troops of Lieutenant Ahmad Khatib's Arab Army, the Saika Organization and their allies and, attacked the

Lebanese Army barracks in Khyam, South Lebanon and executed over 30 Lebanese soldiers in cold blood. They attacked and blockaded the whole region: Marjaayoun, Qoleiaa, Bint Jbeil, Al Taybeh, etc…, denying all medical supplies, food provisions and military support from entering the region. They kidnapped civilians, killed innocents, and raped women and girls.

The Lebanese Army barracks in Marjaayoun and other regions were consequently falling, the soldiers were fleeing to more secure places, and those who tried to reach the Ministry of Defense in Yarzé were sent back to the south; people were starving or dying from ill-treatment and serious wounds.

- March 22, 1976 – The Army Commander-in-Chief, General Hanna Said, signed a Communiqué issued from the Ministry of National Defense, Department of the Army, Yarzé, to restructure the Lebanese Army posts which were deserted in the South. This notice was distributed and implemented on August 14, 1976. (See original Document – last page).

- August 1, 1976 – Fatah, the Saika Organization and their allies attacked the village of

Jezzine, South Lebanon . Two were killed, tens were injured and hundreds were forced into exile.


- October 19 to 21, 1976 – Fatah, the Saika Organization and their allies attacked the village of

Aishiyeh in the South and committed mass murder and atrocities, as part of the Syrian

Regime’s ethnic cleansing campaign. More than 70 innocent people were killed and 100 seriously wounded. The majority of the victims were women, children and the elderly. Women and girls were raped, then slaughtered inside the church. Newborns were ripped apart. Children were decapitated with hatchets. Houses were burned down. The rest of the village residents escaped to safety in a neighboring region. Francis Alfred Nasr was burned alive in front of his father's eyes.

[Publisher’s note: Missing information in the list below will be updated later]

1. Francis Alfred Nasr (burned alive).

2. Alfred Youssef Nasr

3. Fouad Gerges Najem (plus his wife and four children).

9. Elias Fouad Najem

10. Amale Fouad Najem

11. Therese Fouad Najem

12. George Fouad Najem

13. Georgette Fouad Najem

14. Loutfallah Youssef El Chaar

15. Joseph Loutfallah El Chaar

16. Attallah Youssef El Chaar

17. Philippe Sleiman Chedid

18. Albert Chahine Milane

19. Ibrahim Ephrem Nasr

20. Sleiman Ephrem Nasr

21. Tony Ibrahim Nasr (14 years old).

22. Jamil Elias Nasr

23. Nassim Jamil Nasr

24. Selim Jamil Nasr (16 years old).

25. Youssef Selim Nasr

26. Youssef Nasr Nasr

27. Antoinette Nasr Nasr

28. Simon Youssef Nasr

29. Fouad Youssef Nasr (newborn).

30. Toufic Nasr (70 years old).

31. Melhem Ephrem Ephrem (45 years old).

32. Sleiman Ephrem (25 years old).

33. Ibrahim Selim Aoun

34. Raymond Ibrahim Aoun (15 years old).

35. Melhem Mansour Aoun (73 years old)

36. Soldier Youssef Elias Abu Kheir (Executed in the church).

37. Sleiman Ajjaj El Hajj (15 years old,

38. Pierre Naamtallah Jabbour (13 years old, executed in the church).

39. Therese Fayez Najem

40. Najat Fayez Najem

41. Fayez Najem and his two daughters (five and three years old).

44. Mountaha Rizk Najem

45. Karim Selim Najem

46. Youssef Tannous Abu Eid

47. Tannous Youssef Abu Eid

48. Ibrahim Elias Aoun

49. Jean Khalil Aoun

50. Gerges Maroun Aoun

51. Sleiman Ajjaj Aoun.

52. Tammam Abu Kheir Aoun

53. Assaad Melhem Anid

54. Elias Youssef Anid

55. Aziz Youssef Anid

56. Boulos Anid

57. Elias Assaad El Kesserwani

58. Youssef Assaad El Kesserwani

59. Boutros Fares Fares

60. Gerges Ibrahim Nasr

61. Ibrahim Selim Nasr

62. Joseph Farid Nasr

63. Khalil Gergi Nasr

64. Khalil Sleiman Nasr

65. Salwa Youssef Mezher

66. Philippe Toufic Afif

67. Majid Elias Afif

68. Melhem Chekkri Honeiny

69. Nemr Rashid Abu Samra

70. Youssef Elias Noura (Executed in the church).

- From March 76 to September 23, 1978 – Fatah and the Saika Organization with Ahmad Khatib's Arab Army and their allies kept brutally shelling and targeting from Khyam and Tallet El Shrayqe the villages of Marjaayoun, Qoleiaa and others, killing and wounding tens of innocents. Yasser Arafat (Abu Ammar) personally supervised from Shuwaya the operations of Fatah against Marjaayoun and Qoleiaa.

- September 23-24, 1978 - The (South) Lebanese Army led by Major Saad Haddad counter-

attacked Tallet El Shrayqe, then Khyam, and finally liberated them. However, the war against the Lebanese Army and the civilians rolled on.

- April 18, 1979 – Under the persistent pressure of the Syrian Regime on the Beirut government, Major Saad Haddad was removed from office and charged by Presidential Decree No. 1942, issued by President Elias Sarkis.

- April 18, 1979 – Major Saad Haddad declared the South of Lebanon to be ‘The State of Free Independent Lebanon” (Dawlet Lebnaan El Horr El Mustaqill), with Beirut as its capital.

- From 1979 to 1982 – After the Accord of Beit-El Din in early 1979, and until the end of President Sarkis’ mandate in 1982, the South Lebanon Army’s salaries were all suspended. At President Bashir Gemayel’s order, salaries and rights were all reinstituted, lasting until 1997 for some and until 2000 and beyond for others.

- January 30, 1982 – A booby-trapped car exploded at Saida-Sidon in South Lebanon , killing one civilian and injuring another.

- October 14, 1982 - A booby-trapped car exploded at a check post of the South Lebanon Army in Jdeidet Marjaayoun in south Lebanon , killing three soldiers and wounding 40 civilians.

- October 23, 1983 – 241 US Marines and 58 French Paratroopers were blown to shreds in their Beirut barracks by two simultaneous truck-bombs carried out by Hezbollah.

- January 4, 1984 – Major Saad Haddad won his trial and regained all his rights, decorations and official rank.

- January 16, 1984 – Major Saad Haddad died and an official funeral was held. The population, his political friends and army veterans paid tribute to him as a national hero.

- January 1984 – Retired General Antoine Lahad, supported by President Camille Chamoun, was informally selected by the Command of the Lebanese Army of Yarzé as the Head of the South Lebanon Army’s Command. They remunerated him with a higher salary, going from the “Sareff Salary” to the “Taawiid Salary”.

- July 10, 1984 – The Mayor of Sarafand, Jawad Khalifeh, was assassinated in South Lebanon .

- September 19, 1984 – Syrians and Palestinians ambushed a South Lebanon Army unit on their way, in the village of Sohmor in the west Bekaa, killing five soldiers and wounding five others.

- March 6, 1985 – Hezbollah, a newly-founded Syrian/Iranian-sponsored organization, attacked Rashaya in South Lebanon . Two were killed and tens were injured.

- June 30, 1985 – Hezbollah attacked Zaghraya-Sidon, in South Lebanon . Mustafa Khalil, Abdel Raouf El Hajj and Mahmoud Haffouda were killed.

- March 5, 1986 – A booby-trapped car exploded in Saida-Sidon. Two civilians were killed and three were injured.

- May 12, 1986 – A booby-trapped car exploded in Saida-Sidon. Two civilians were killed and another two were injured.

- May 24, 1986 – Syrian agents riddled the body of Father Boutros Abi Akl, 62-years old, with bullets. He was shot dead on his way to Cadmus School in Tyre , South Lebanon .

- July 6, 1990 – Hezbollah murdered U.S. Marine Lt-Col. William R. Higgins, who was serving as Chief Observer with the United Nations Truce Supervisory Organization (UNTSO) in southern Lebanon . He had been kidnapped on February 17, 1988 from a U.N. peacekeeping vehicle driving south from the port city of Tyre towards the town of Naqura . Colonel Higgins was tortured before being hanged. His murder was video-taped and released for public viewing by the murderers, before his body was dumped on a public road. His remains were eventually returned to the

United States and were interred in Quantico National Cemetery on December 30, 1991.

- November 9, 1998 – Hezbollah planted an explosive charge on the Ain Majdalain-Niha Road in Jezzine, South Lebanon . Four Lebanese soldiers were killed and one other was seriously injured.

- June 8, 1999 – Two Syrian/Palestinian agents assassinated three judges and one Prosecutor in Saida's Supreme Court. Hassan Osman, Walid Harmoush, Imad Chehab and Assem Abu Daher were murdered in view of dozens of witnesses. The two gunmen fled to the Ain el Helwe Palestinian military camp. It was yet another Syrian warning in an attempt to subdue the Judicial system.

- September 22, 1999 – Hezbollah planted an explosive charge in Kfar Houneh , South Lebanon , killing two Lebanese soldiers.

- September 28, 1999 – Hezbollah, a Syrian/Iranian sponsored Organization, detonated a roadside bomb in South Lebanon . One Lebanese officer with his driver was killed and dozens were seriously injured and maimed.

- March 2, 2000 – Hezbollah planted an explosive charge in South Lebanon . One Lebanese soldier was killed and dozens were seriously injured.

- March 3, 2000 – Hezbollah detonated a roadside bomb in South Lebanon . Six Lebanese soldiers were killed in their military vehicle and four civilians were seriously injured.

- May 26, 2000 – After the Israeli withdrawal, Hassan Nasrallah, Secretary-General of Hezbollah, threatened to slaughter the Southerners in their beds while sleeping. All Lebanese Radios and TV channels broadcast Nasrallah’s threats. Thousand of Southerners fled to Israel while an estimated

2,300 residents, who could not escape, surrendered. They were taken into custody by Hezbollah militants and Lebanese security forces, then to interrogation, torture and detention camps run by Hezbollah and Syrian and Lebanese military intelligence for several days, before being handed over to the Authorities.

Most of the detainees were transferred to Lebanon 's Permanent Military Court (PMC), that

Amnesty International called "travesties of justice", while others basically "disappeared."

Hezbollah’s Secretary-General at a rally in Haret Hreiq, also warned against “amnesty” toward "militiamen" who served in the South Lebanon Army during the occupation, saying they would have to either be locked up in rehabilitation centers or sent abroad, but they would not be allowed back to their homes and villages in the south.

The Government Commissioner, Justice Nasri Lahoud, declared before the Military Court , that 2,277 defendants were charged with minor or major “collaboration with the enemy”.

Some of the detainees later reported to having been beaten during their detention; many said that they were forced to lie with their hands cuffed behind their backs for up to 24 hours.

C.T. (personal interview) was brutally tortured, his lower face disfigured and his jaw busted. On his way out, he had to endure plastic surgery to restructure his jaw.

Georges Said, a 72-year old diabetic, died on June 28 after prison officials took away his Israeli-made medication.

Abu Samira, a 70-year-old man, and 65-year Ramez Boulos, from Qoleiaa, both died under torture and ill-treatment. Abu Samira died in Oberly’s Jail; Ramez Boulos succumbed at home, after they released him agonizing from ill-treatment in the Roumieh prison.

The Foundation for Human and Humanitarian Rights-Lebanon (FHHRL) reported:

- In the 8th session of the Permanent Military Court , Zakharia Fadlallah Jumaa, a platoon

Commander of the SLA , alluded to torture administered on him while in custody, in the pre-trial period at the Oberly center. The allegations of torture made no impression on the bench.

- In the 10th session of the Permanent Military Court , Hussein Zein Al Abidin said:” I was

beaten up and heard frightening cries, which forced me to confess that I fed the SLA security network”; another said that he wasn’t beaten but just suspended from above for not answering a question, then lowered down.

- In the 11th session, the court ignored the allegations of Hanna Karim Al Alam who claimed that he was tortured, pointing out to the Court the pus and bloodstained bandages around his leg, and that he was denied any kind of medical treatment for five days.

- All those who were released after completing their sentences in prisons were deprived of their civil and social rights, until this day; those who were set free by the court like Mohammad Ayoub Faris (in Houla) and Mohammad Bassam (in Aytaroun) were beaten to death (according to unconfirmed reports cited by FHHRL).

- According to Al-Hayat newspaper and re-published by The Middle East Intelligence Bulletin, 20 people were seized in the village of Aytaroun on June 7; five were later released by Hezbollah, but the others were still missing. Human rights groups constantly appealed for their release, but Hezbollah officials claimed to have "no information on the subject."


- At Roumieh Prison, where most of the prisoners were being held, it was reported to the Foundation for Human and Humanitarian Rights-Lebanon (FHHRL) that "many of the detainees had bruises when they were brought in."

- Meanwhile in the South, there was looting, sacking and then blasting deserted houses in

Marjaayoun, Bourj El Moulouq, Qoleiaa, Debil and Rmeish, which alarmed and terrorized the rest of the villagers; in Beit Leef, Aytaroun and Houla the villagers were threatened, beaten and sometimes kidnapped.

- February 10, 2001 – Hezbollah desecrated the cemetery of the Shiite village of Aytaroun in South Lebanon by digging out 17 corpses of Shiite soldiers of the South Lebanon Army from their graves, since, according to Hezbollah, they were traitors.

1. Mansour Khalil

2. Akanen Ali

3. Alik Samih

4. Droubi Hassan

5. Marmar Ali

6. Mustafa Yasser

7. Abdel Hassan S. Hassan

8. Fakih Mohammad

9. Hijazy Fouad

10. Kassem Ali Hussein

11. Taoube Bahige

12. Mawwassi Abed

13. Awada Wafic

14. Abbass Adel

15. Shour Salah

16. Farhat Hussein

17. Assayed Mohammad Mustafa

- July 11, 2002 – At 9:30 pm, the Palestinian Badih Hamadeh, alias Abu Obeida, from the Palestinian military camp of Ain El Helwe in South Lebanon , attacked a division of the Lebanese Army and shot three servicemen.

1 - Ali Hamze (SSG)

2 - Radwan Melhem (CPL)

3 - Ali Saleh (PVT)

- November 21, 2002 – At 7:30 am, a Syrian/ Iranian agent assassinated 31-year old American nurse/Christian missionary, Bonnie Penner-Witheral, in Sidon . She was found with a bullet in the head and two others in the chest. It was a Syrian warning against America ’s new policy in the Middle East , and to create new internal conflict among the Lebanese communities.

=======

Today, the rest of the SLA soldiers are in enforced exile, having to pay the price for their actions in discharging their duty - acts of loyalty, honor, dignity, patriotism and self-defense. Hundred of Southerners, civilians, soldiers and entire families who are in enforced Exile,

Have been abandoned or forgotten…

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

I sincerely regret if I have not listed all the victims and martyrs’ names. All the names appearing in this compilation, were obtained from newspaper reports, archives, and witness accounts, friends or families sources.

Roadside Bombs detonated by Hezbollah killed most of the Victims, who fell from the 1980s through 2000:
Akiki (PVT - Debil, January 31, 2000).
Fawzi El Saghir (PVT - September 28, 1999).
Milia Naaman Rashed (72 years old - Jezzine).
Maroun Neehme Neehme (67 years old Qoleiaa).
Salima Neehme (60 years old - Qoleiaa).
Youssef Massoud Rizk (Jezzine - August 20, 1976).
Tanios El Tenn (Rmeish - September 1976).
Hanne Michael El Haddad (Ain Ebel - July 1976).
Michael El Haddad (Ain Ebel - July 1976).
Joseph El Haddad (Ain Ebel - July 1976).
Mona Youssef Chbat (Ain Ebel - September 1975).
Youssef Tanios Salloum (Ain Ebel - June 1977).
Youssef Gerges Nassif (Debil - February 1977).
Boutros Michael El Akh (Ain Ebel - September 1975).
George Gerges (Jezzine, April 1998).
Tony Kfoury (Rashaya - March 6, 1985).
Mustafa Khalil (Zoghdraya-Sidon - June 6, 1985).
Abdel Raouf El Hajj (Sidon - June 30, 1985).
Mahmoud Hafouda (Sidon - June 30, 1985).
Sleiman El Asmar (Sidon - August 30, 1985).
Maroun Matar (January 22, 1986).
Wadih Moussa (Jabal Safi - February 14, 1986).
Philip Moussa (Jabal Safi - February 14, 1986).
Khalil Trabulsi (Ayneta - February 17, 1986).
Jihad Saykali (Rihane - June 20, 1986).
Antoine Abu Ghannam (Yater Road - June 15, 1986).
Assaad Moussa (Labaa-Kfarfalouss-Ain El Mir - June 19, 1986).
Edgard Hakim (Darb El Sim - June 20, 1986).
Dani Najm (Sabbah-Jezzine - July 5, 1986).
Lucien Estephan (Tallet Sejod - August 10, 1986).
Khalil El Jellad (Tallet Sejod - September 18, 1986).
Joseph Youssef (Tallet Sejod - September 18, 1986).
Elie Youssef (Anan Kfarfalouss - June 1986).
Charbel Kassouf (Jabal Safi - April 1987).
Jad Morkos (Anan-Kfarfalouss - September 1987).
Youssef Matta (Jabal Safi - October 1991).
Tony Hourani (Ain Majdalain-Jezzine - May 1992).
Tony Bakhos (Kroum el Arz-Jezzine - October 1995).
Assaad Nammour (Sabbah-Bkassine - September 1996).
Hussein El Fkih (Sabbah-Bkassine - September 1996).
Selim Risha (Roum-Bessry - December 1996).
Samir Youssef Roumiyeh (Kfarhouna - March 1997).
George Gerges (Jezzine- April 1998).
Roukoz Roukoz (Ain Majdalain-Jezzine - September 1998).
Joseph Chamoun (Ain Majdalain-Jezzine - September 1998).
Two students (Anan-Roum Road - 1988).
Two students (Kfarhouna-Jezzine - 1997).
Ezzat Elias Julien, his mother, wife and three (3) children (Qoleiaa).

Akl Hashem

Ali Marmar

Ali Qassem

Ali Mahmoud

Abdel Nabi Bazzi

Antoun Salloum

Adel Abbass

Akl Melhem

Ali Zein El Din

Antoine Abu Ghanem

Abboud Hammoud

Abbas Koussan

Abdel Hassan Mwassi Ahmad Salame

Abdallah Atweh

Abdallah Miyasseh

Abdallah Mahmoud

Abbas Abbas

Ali Loubwani

Abbas Tourmos

Ali Ghodban

Ali Qassem

Ahmad Saad

Aniess Assaf

Abdallah Mustafa

Assass Khiami

Ali Hamade

Abbas Hammoud

Ali Beydoun

Ahmad Nassrallah

Albert Agnatis

Ahmad El Daaboul

Ali Younes

Ayoub El Haddad

Ahmad Madani

Assad Harfouch

Attef Chedid

Assad Alloud

Ashraf El Qader

Ayman Abdallah

Afif El Chuffi

Aziz Khalili

Antoine Frem

Ali Ramadan

Anwar Hamad

Ali Qassem

Abdel Rahim Abu Eid

Asaad Nasser

Ali Zaher

Antoine Hobeika

Adel Madi

Abdel Wahab Daher

Aline Elham

Assaad Nohra

Ali Salame

Ali Abu Qassem

Assaf El Fhayli

Ali Hammoud

Ali Joumaa

Antoine Dia

Abed Abu Samra

Ange El Hajj

Antoine Julien

Abdallah Chahin

Ali Soueid

Bahij Touba

Bassam Saad

Bachir Hanna

Bachir El Alam

Boutros El Akh

Boulous Attieh

Bassam Hanna

Bahiya El Hajj

Boutros Louka

Bassam Nohra

Boulos Nehme

Boutros Rizk

Bassam Chamoun

Barakat Keyrouz

Chabib El Naddaf

Charbel El Amil

Charbel Younes

Chedid Ghaleb

Chafik Eid

Charbel El Haddad

Charles Rizk

Chawki Abu Mrad

Charbel El Chaar

Chafik El Assfour

Chady Abu Ghayda

Chebli Abu Chahla

Clovis Attieh

Dany Al Sheikh

Dany Fares

Dib Nassif

Daoud Chahine

Daher Salame

Daoud Kamel

Eid Chehad

Elias El Hassrouni

Elias Hanna

Elias Jubran

Elias Nassif

Elias Mansour

Elias Ajka

Elias Hanoun

Elias Farah

Elias Julien

Elias Matar

Elias Chedid

Elie Abu Qassem

Edward Boutros

Elias Toubia

Elias M. Fares

Emile Aoun

Elias Markos

Elias El Haj

Elias Keserwani

Elie Abdo

Emile Amin

Faraj Kalash

Fayez Younes

Fadel Jaafar

Fayssal Fneich

Fady Saade

Fayez Julien

Fares Abu Samra

Fares Toubia

Fouad Rizk

Fares Jabbour

Fouad Abu Zeid

Fares N. Fares

Fady El Zaybak

Fouaz Fouaz

Farid Abu Diab

Fayez Abu Hamadi

Fahed El Harfouch

Fady Barakat

Fady Saraya

Fouad Younes

Fawzi El Sajir

Fares Fares

Fouad Hijazi

Farid Saaid

Jaoudat Deghman

Joseph Abu Arraj

George El Hajj

Jihad Harb

George Massaad

Jamal Dakik

George Geadaa

Jihad Louka

George Habboub

Jamal El Sayyed

Geryiss Abboud

Jean Hatoum

George Sakr

Jihad Haydar

Geryis Khalil

Jean Chalhoub

George T. Abboud

Jamil Chaoul

Geryis Bassar

Joseph Daher

George Hanoun

Jihad Abu Samra

Ghazi Awad

Jean Fouwaz

George Maroun

Jihad Saykali

George El Haddad

Joseh El Sheikh

George Abdoush

Jean El Hajj

Ghazi Diab

Joseph Youssef

George Farah

Jean Roufayel

George Saad `

Jaoudat Soueid

George Abu Mrad

Jihad Moussa

Ghassan Nohra

Ghassan Abu Mrad

Geryes Azar

George Abu Elia

Gaby Kaabour

Gaby Abu Farhat

Gilbert Jabbour

Geryis Estefan

George Jabbour

Galeb Khreis

George Saade

Geryis Abu Kheir

George Kassas

Ghassan Rizk

Ghassan Al Oud

Geryis El Hourani

Hussen Abdel Nabi

Hussen Farhat

Hussen Mlakh

Hassan Droubi

Hasssan Dabja

Haydar El Haddad

Hassan Saleh

Hassan Ewila

Hassan El S. Hassan

Hassan Saab

Hussein Nakhle

Hussein Chahla

Hassan Ashur

Hanna El Naddaf

Hassan Bassal

Hanna Sakr

Habib Nassif

Hayssam Oulayan

Hanna El Khoury

Halim El Hourany

Hamzah Serhan

Hassan Zaarour

Hussein Yehya

Hassan Fares

Hassan Serhan

Hussein Sleiman

Habib El Halel

Hanna Tannous

Hanna Rizk

Hassan Chehade

Hassan Abu Rafeh

Hussein Snan

Habib El Hajj

Ibrahim El Haddad

Issam Beydoun

Ibrahim Assaf

Ibrahim Khalil

Imad Attieh

Ibrahim Hamid

Ibrahim Saaid

Issa Hanna

Ibrahim El Akdouch

Ibrahim Atweh

Issam Ali Sami

Inad Majid

Ismaeil Kamra

Ibrahim Abu Kheir

Ibrahim El Hayek

Ismaeil Abbas

Issam Krasen

Ibrahim Chehade

Khalil El Hourani

Khodr El Hendi

Khaled El Naddaf

Khalil Mansouri

Kamel Fayad

Khalil El Jalad

Kamel El Shartouni

Kamel Hussein

Khalil Hanna

Kassem El Daaboul

Khaled Fneich

Khodr Al Tawil

Khalil Rizk

Khristo Nistrof

Khairallah Salame

Khadiji Nour El Din

Khalil Naamtallah

Khalil Gharibe

Khalil El Rajraj

Khaled Betdini

Kamel Damouri

Loubnen Wanna

Maroun El Alam

Mustafa Al Sayyed

Mohammad Fakih

Maroun Al Karout

Massoud Bazzi

Maroun Matar

Mahmoud Ayoub

Mohammad Abd El Meneem

Mohammad Shit

Mosbah El Attrash

Mohammad Yaacoub

Mahmoud Raslan

Mohammad Hussein

Mustafa Bedran

Miled Ghanouy

Mohammad Halawa

Maroun Attieh

Mahdi Mahdi

Maroun Nassif

Mohammad Nassar

Mohammad Fakih

Moussa Abu Elias

Maroun Fares

Malek Nassif

Mikhail El Hajj

Miled Ghnatis

Maroun El Hajj

Mufdi Abu Sari

Mahmoud El Yann

Mohammad Wahid

Mahmoud Srour

Mohammad Okayl

Marguerite El Khoury

Mikhael El Haddad

Monah Touma

Michel Fares

Mikhael El Zaybak

Mikhael Ncoula

Maroun Nohra

Maroun Khleis

Mohammad Sleiman

Maroun Wehbeh

Mohssen Ibrahim

Maroun Milan

Maroun Hanna

Maroun Rizk

Mouhib El Ghazel

Miled El Hassbani

Mohammad Ghaleb El Abdallah

Morkos M. Rizk

Moussa Abdallah

Maroun Nasser

Miled Saade

Mohammad Ramadan

Mohammad El Anz

Merhej Chahin

Mustafa Al Shufi

Mohammad Yassin

Mohammad El Kaderi

Maher Ammach

Mounir Daaybes

Mahmoud Wazir

Majid Ghachem

Michel Fares

Mustafa El Khawli

Mikhael Khoury

Mohssen Ibrahim

Naiim Hanna

Nasri El Hourani

Nassrat Khreish

Nabil Andraos

Nabil Al Joundi

Nasri Abu Elias

Nabil Nassif

Naim Fares

Nazih El Miligi

Nadim Kaboura

Nassib El Hamra

Nohad El Hajj

Nehme Faour

Nader El Chufi

Nabih Abed El Hay

Nabil Nasser

Nohad Saade

Nohra Nohra

Ossama Yassin

Pierre Attieh

Pierre Bowa

Rafik Mtanios

Rony Haddad

Rabah Abdallah

Raef El Keserwani

Roufayel Roufayel

Rafik Tomeh

Raymond Mezher

Rafik Abu El Ali

Rabih Nammour

Ramy El Choufi

Rafik Abu Hamad

Riyad Zrekta

Raymond El Khoury

Roukouz Roukoz

Raji Ghanoum

Saad Haddad

Said El Alam

Samih El Eik

Saleh Chour

Salman Kashmer

Sami Kotaysh

Salem Aayoub

Said Felfeleh

Simon Antounian

Samir Khnafer

Salim Sakr

Said El Naddaf

Sakr Sakr

Sami Abu Samra

Said El Khoumesi

Simon Tanios

Sami El Nashash

Salame Salame

Souheil Abbas

Salam El Saadi

Salim Ahmad

Simon Anid

Salim El Chuffi

Simon Tanios

Sara Ghanoum

Tanios Felfeleh

Tannous Geryis

Tarif Taleb

Tannous Saad

Tanios Semaan

Tanios Karam

Tanios Abu Hamad

Tanos Abu Zeid

Tanios Elias

Tanios Zraet

Tanios Aoun

Tony Nohra

Tony Majid Nammour

Wafik Awada

Wissam Naiim

Wihab Faraj

Walid Kassab

Wissam Taha

Youssef Hanna

Youssef Younes

Yasser Mustafa

Youssef Salloum

Youssef Atweh

Youssef M. Al Raai

Youssef Manssour

Yasser El Jamal

Youssef K. Nassif

Youssef J. El Raai

Youssef Hanna

Youssef Fares

Youssef Younes

Youssef El Naddaf

Youssef Saaid

Younes Younes

Yehya Semaat

Youssef Younes

Youssef El Sayed

Youssef Semaan

Youssef Nassif

Youssef Felfeleh

Yaacoub El Hajj

Youssef Karam

Youhanna Kiyo

Youssef Boulos

Yaacoub Diab

Youssef Semaan

Youssef Roumieh

Youssef Mezher

Youssef Hamdan

Youssef Charaf El Din

Ziad Ridan

Ziad Abu Dehen

Zaynab Monder

==========================
Military Communiqué: (Translation of the Official Document-Last page)

« Ministry of National Defense – Army Command – Yarzé”Number: 3860 /1 T

Classification: 323-1 Date of Bill: 22/ 3/ 1976

Resolution: Creation of a military regrouping section

Distributed and Implemented: 14/ 8/ 1976

Signed: « General Hanna Said, Army Commander-in-Chief »

1- STATUS:
After the dissolution of the section established in the South and the distribution of the soldiers in their villages or their refuge to safer regions, a number of soldiers joined the District of Bent Jbeil and a few villages for security matters.

2- RESOLUTION:

21 – Create a regrouping quarter in the District of Bent Jbeil.

The Affiliation: Will be affiliated to the district of Qoleiaa

The Location: Town of Rmeish

Person in charge: Sergeant Commando, Samir el Hajj assisted by Sergeant Hanna El Hajj.

The Members:

-The Soldiers present in Bent Jbeil District, the neighboring Districts and those who did not join any assembly quarter yet.

- The soldiers from other quarters who wish to join it.

22 - The Administrative Control Directorate undertakes to facilitate the salary phase and food provision similar to those soldiers under Qoleiaa regrouping command.

3- Implementation :

Will take effect at the publication of this communiqué.

Al Yarzé, 14 / 8 / 1976

General Hanna Said, Army Commander-in-Chief.

ADDRESSEE:
Section, Barracks and Regrouping Quarters;
All Services located in the building of the Army Command;
[Illegible]: “3”.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Personal Interviews:
- Sakr Etienne (Abu Arz), born in Ain Ebel , South Lebanon , President of the Guardians of the Cedars - Lebanese National Movement – Interviews: in Jezzine, 1992 and in Exile, from 2001 to 2006.
- Monsignor Paul Sayah, Maronite Archbishop of Haifa and the Holy Land and Patriarchal
Vicar for Jordan , Jerusalem and Palestine , was appointed by Bkerke to secure the social
needs and the return of the Lebanese in Exile – Interview: in Lebanon , September 2000
- A Permanent Synchronization on the exile Dossier was established since that day.
- Father Fadi Salameh, Marjaayoun Parish Priest, appointed to secure the social needs and rights of the relatives of the Lebanese in enforced exile, in the South – Interview: in Marjaayoun, 2005 – A permanent Synchronizing was established since that day.
- Bassam F., from Marjaayoun, South Lebanon Army officer - Interview: in Marjaayoun, 2005.
- C T. from Marjaayoun – Interview: in Marjaayoun, 2003.
- T. A. from Marjaayoun - Interview: in Marjaayoun, 2005.
- Students and villagers from Ain Ebel, Rmeish, Marjaayoun, Qoleiaa, Deir Mimass and Houla – Interviews: May 31st, and June 1st 2000, then 10 days later.

REPORTS – COMMUNIQUES - ARTICLES:
- Ministry of National Defense, Army Command – Yarzé, Creation of a military regrouping section, Military Communiqué, number: 3860 /1 T, Classification: 323-1, Date of Bill: 22/ 3/ 1976. (check last page)
- Foundation for Human and Humanitarian Rights-Lebanon (FHHRL) Report # 6 – June 9, 2000; Report # 7- June 17, 2000; Report # 8 - June 2000; Report # 10 - June 26, 2000; Report # 12- June 28, 2000; Report # 15 - July 12, 2000; Report #8 – June 19, 2000.
- Foundation for Human and Humanitarian Rights-Lebanon (FHHRL) Press Release, June 6, 2000; June 15, 2000.
- Amnesty International Press Release, 21 June 2000.
- 2000 Middle East Intelligence Bulletin, South Lebanese Face Abductions, Torture and 90 Second Show Trials.
- Mgr Paul Sayah, Asia News, Haifa : http://www.asianews.it/view.php?l=en&art=3869
- Sakr Etienne (Abu Arz), The bully that gets away with everything:
http://www.gotc.org/bayeen_12_08_05.htm
- Sakr Etienne (Abu Arz) Memorandum, Perhaps the conscious will awake!! Sept. 2002:
http://www.gotc.org/pdf/aa_study_damiir.pdf
- Sakr Etienne (Abu Arz), The true facts about the South Lebanon Army:
http://www.gotc.org/bayeen_8_07_05.htm
- Sakr Etienne (Abu Arz), Arafat's crimes in Lebanon :
http://www.gotc.org/bayeen_19_11_04.htm
- Sakr Etienne (Abu Arz), South Lebanon Declaration, May 22, 2000:
http://www.gotc-se.org (Bulletins/ Previous Communiqués).
- C.H., Genocides, Crimes and Massacres Committed by the PLO, the Syrians and their Tools against Lebanon , Chronology 1975 to 2002.
http://www.gotc.org/black_page/black_page.htm

Lebanese Newspapers:
- An-Nahar, Beirut , 29/6/2000; 21/10/1976; 22/10/1976; 26/10/1976;03/02/1976
- Al-Hayat, London, June 9, 2000.
- The Daily Star, Beirut , June 26, 2000.
- L'Orient-Le Jour, Beirut, 6 Juin, 2000.
- The daily Star, Beirut , June 03, 2000

Books:
- Karam, Hikmat, Hazihi Dawlati, Saad Haddad: Man yahqom man? – 1979
- Lebanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Le Livre Blanc, 1976 – Hafez el Assad Speech, July 20, 1976- p.120; p.122; p.137; p.140.
- Wehbeh, L., Houwala El Abbtal, 1975-1976 - Beirut .
- Tanios, Edward Antonios & Honein Edward, Emmahatouna El Batalat, 1975/1982 -Beirut.
- Chamoun, Camille, Crise au Liban, Imprimerie Catholique : Beirut, 1977.
- Chamoun, Camille, Mémoires et Souvenirs, p.273 : June 11, 1978; p.313 : August 14,
1978; p.314 : August 16, 1978, Imprimerie Catholique : Beirut, 1979.
- Nasr, Nicolas, Faillite Syrienne Au Liban, Beirut: Dar El Amal, Tome I - Tome II.
- Centre Libanais D'Information, La Guerre Libano-Palestinienne ou Comment une poignée de jeunes firent Echec aux jeux des Nations.

Websites :
- http://www.lebaneseinisrael.com
- http:// www.gotc-se.org (Bulletins-Previous Communiqués)
- http:// www.gotc.org (Communiqués)
- http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/terror.htm
- http://www.beirut-memorial.org/memory/brtnames.html - (The Beirut Memorial Online)
- http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/pubs/fs/5902.htm - (U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs, “Significant Terrorist Incidents, 1961-2003: A Brief Chronology”).
- http://ch.indymedia.org/fr
- http://www.newspaperarchive.com
- http://www.meib.org/