LCCC NEWS BULLETIN
APRIL 5/2006

Below news from the Daily Star for 5/04/06
Israelis say Iran has set up 'front line' in South Lebanon
Sfeir: Lahoud has tied his fate to Syria, cannot lead
Abu al-Aynayn takes Palestinian case to Hariri
Feltman repeats demand for freely elected president
Rights group urges release of 9,300 detainees in Israel
Ministers voice support for increasing decentralization, boosting municipalities
UN: De-mining is doable in years, not decades
Brammertz meets with local lawyers
The March 14 Forces constitute a gap where leadership should be
Property demand boosts Solidere's net profit to $108.5 million for 2005
Lebanese reforms will face opposition
Israeli planes fire missiles into Abbas' Gaza compound

Below news from miscellaneous sources for 5/04/06
Syria: New crackdown on government opponents-Amnesty International
SYRIA: Profiles of three key players-IRINnews.org
Iran's spies watching us, says Israel-Telegraph.co.uk

Feltman Says U.S. Still Committed to President 'Who Looks to the Future-Naharnet
Sfeir: Lahoud Has Linked his Fate with Syria-Naharnet
Israel Says It Was Easier to 'Control' Hizbullah before Syrian Pullout-Naharnet
Syrian Magazine Calls for Investigating Deaths of Syrian Workers in Lebanon-Naharnet
Syria issues warrants against Lebanese MP, minister, journalist-Khaleej Times
Insight And Power-Abdallah Iskandar - Al-Hayat

Feltman Says U.S. Still Committed to President 'Who Looks to the Future'
Naharnet 4.4.06: U.S. ambassador Jeffrey Feltman has said that the United States remains committed to seeing in power a Lebanese president who is elected freely, without foreign intervention.
Feltman, addressing the staff at Al Mustaqbal newspaper during a visit to the daily on Monday, said "the United States' commitment to Lebanon remains strong and is not subject to negotiation or reconsideration."
Asked by journalists at the Hariri-owned newspaper about Washington's current stance on the presidential crisis, Feltman reiterated the U.S. administration's previously stated position that favors a head of state who looks to the future.
"Our position is based on resolution 1559 that says Lebanon deserves a president who is elected according to the constitution without foreign intervention," Feltman said.
"We now repeat what Secretary of State (Condoleezza) Rice has said that we are looking to the Lebanese presidency with an eye on the future not the past," he added.
The United States is at the helm of an international campaign that wants to see the complete implementation of U.N. Security Council 1559. The edict calls for the withdrawal of foreign troops from Lebanon, free and fair presidential elections and the disarmament of all armed groups in the country. While the first clause was implemented with the withdrawal of Syrian troops from the country in April last year, the last two have yet to be applied.
Top political leaders at national dialogue talks have been discussing the presidential issue. However, the participants have reached a deadlock with regards to President Emile Lahoud's fate. While the anti-Syrian opposition wants to remove the head of state from power, allies of Damascus want him to stay. Negotiations were suspended Monday until April 28 which was set as the deadline for discussing the presidency. Feltman said one of the most important changes in U.S. policy towards Lebanon is that Washington has separated the country from its broader Middle East policy.
"We now have an independent policy that is not based on any elements in the area. There is a commitment at the White House to support the Lebanese people and whatever happens this commitment will remain," the ambassador said. Asked if Washington favored a regime change in Syria or if it wanted to see Damascus change its behavior, Feltman expressed his country's wish to see Syria take a different course of action.
"The reason that relations between the United States and Syria have worsened is the behavior of its regime especially towards Lebanon, Palestine and Iraq and its continued support for terrorism," the ambassador said.
"I hope that Syria will engage in turning around this relationship," he added. Meanwhile, U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Near Easter Affairs David Welch said Washington's view of Syria "remains fixed and its essence is that Syria is intervening in Lebanon."Speaking to a group of Jordanian journalists at the U.S. embassy in Amman, Welch said "there are terrorist groups working out of Damascus" adding that some of the attacks on U.S. troops in Iraq were carried out by militants who infiltrated through the Syrian border. "There are clear chances for the Syrian regime to change its behavior and the United States hopes that it will take this decision," the U.S. official said. Beirut, Updated 04 Apr 06, 11:38

Israelis say Iran has set up 'front line' in South Lebanon
Compiled by Daily Star staff -Wednesday, April 05, 2006
Iran has set up a sophisticated intelligence-gathering operation in South Lebanon to identify targets in northern Israel in the event of a military confrontation over its controversial nuclear program, The Daily Telegraph quoted Israeli military officials as saying. Senior Israeli military commanders say Iran has spent tens of millions of dollars helping Hizbullah to establish a network of control towers and monitoring stations along Israel's border with southern Lebanon, according to the UK-based daily.
Hizbullah refused to comment on the statement.
The newspaper said that some of the new control towers are made of reinforced concrete and fitted with bullet-proof reflective glass, adding that they are less than 100 yards from Israeli army positions. "This is now Iran's front line with Israel," a senior Israeli military commander was quoted as saying. "The Iranians are using Hizbullah to spy on us so that they can collect information for future attacks. And there is very little we can do about it."
Such comments come as anti-Syrian Lebanese politicians have launched a campaign accusing the Shiite group of serving Syrian and Iranian interests in the region. The Israeli army commanders told the Telegraph that Hizbullah has increased its activity in southern Lebanon since Syria came under intense international pressure to withdraw its forces from Lebanon last year following the assassination of former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri.
Israeli military officers claimed that teams of Iran's Revolutionary Guards travel regularly to southern Lebanon to help train local Hizbullah fighters in what they called "terrorist" tactics. They did not say, however, how they obtained such information.
Senior Israeli military officers believe Iran is deliberately exploiting the power vacuum caused by Syria's withdrawal to intensify pressure on Israel's northern border. The right-wing daily reported that many senior Israeli officers have openly admitted to missing the restraining influence of Syria over Hizbullah. "When the Syrians were in Lebanon it was easy for us to control Hizbullah," said an officer with Israel's northern command. "If things got too tense we could put pressure on Damascus and the Syrians would act quickly to calm things down.
"Iran is playing a very dangerous game of cat-and-mouse on our northern border and it could easily spiral out of control at any moment," the officer told the British newspaper. Meanwhile, Israel may soon be facing international pressure to withdraw from the Shebaa Farms region on its northern border in light of the possibility of the area being declared Lebanese territory, Israeli officials estimate. According to Yediot Aharonot, other sources in Israel believe the scheme would not materialize because the chances of Syria agreeing to it are slim. "The matter is not that simple, as Syria and Hizbullah have no interest in helping us," Tel Aviv University Professor and Syria expert Eyal Zisser said. "I don't see this possibility in the near future."
Speaking to The Daily Star, a source close to Hizbullah said: "The main issue is about occupied land, and Israel has to leave it, as simple as that. "UN resolutions demand they pull out, unconditionally, and so it is Israel's problem not ours if they feel pressured to pull out."
Israeli concerns stem from the announcement made in mid-March by top Lebanese officials in support of efforts at the UN to confirm that the farms belong to Lebanon. Lebanon claims the Shebaa Farms, which have been controlled by Israel since it occupied the Golan Heights from Syria in the 1967 Arab-Israeli war, are Lebanese.
The U.N. says the farms are Syrian and that Syria and Israel should negotiate their fate. However, U.N. envoy to Lebanon Terje Roed-Larsen said in Riyadh last month that the identity of Shebaa was a matter to be resolved between Lebanon and Syria. "When the two countries come to an agreement then they can go to the U.N. for a resolution. Until that happens, the Blue Line must be respected," he said. However, Syria objects to the scheme and, despite announcing several times that the farms are Lebanese, has refused to send the UN official papers to that end. The paper added: "Hizbullah is likely to find a new pretext in the form of seven villages currently in Israeli territory, which the Lebanese group said in the past are part of Lebanon." - With Naharnet

Sfeir: Lahoud has tied his fate to Syria, cannot lead
By Nada Bakri -Daily Star staff
Wednesday, April 05, 2006
BEIRUT: Lebanon's Maronite Patriarch Nasrallah Butros Sfeir said the "isolated" President Emile Lahoud is no longer qualified to hold the country's top executive post. Speaking to French magazine Le Point, the leader of the influential Christian Maronite Church said Lahoud had linked his fate to Syria and is not ready to succumb to the pressures exerted on him to resign.
"Lahoud cannot fulfill his duties as a president anymore because he is isolated and boycotted by local and international figures," Sfeir was quoted as saying. "The president is a military man and is not ready to succumb and resign. In any case, he has linked his fate to Syria," the patriarch said. Lahoud is a former Army commander. In recent months, Sfeir has joined the anti-Syrian coalition's calls to topple Lahoud, who they consider the last vestige of Syrian domination over Lebanon.
The coalition, calling itself the March 14 Forces, blames Lahoud for an ongoing political deadlock and has been meeting with Syria's allies in a leadership-level national dialogue for the past month in a bid to decide the president's fate.
However, Sfeir has repeatedly warned against taking to the street to achieve this goal, fearing demonstrations might lead to deadly confrontations. The patriarch has also stated that the president's dignity should be preserved, both as an individual and as the representative of Lebanon's highest post. The country's rival political leaders have said that it is up to the patriarch to choose the next head of state, who, according to the country's sectarian political system, must be a Maronite.
The Lebanese Forces recently dispatched a delegate to Sfeir with a list containing four presidential candidates.
But Sfeir has been reluctant to name a candidate since his favorite candidates have historically been passed over.
"When I make my decision [on the next president] all Maronites will be unhappy, except for one. I have said what the required qualities are for the presidency: a person who is competent, independent, honest and accepted by everyone," Sfeir told the French magazine. Although Sfeir held Lahoud's military background to blame for his refusal to resign, he did not rule out the possibility that another former Army commander, MP Michel Aoun, could become the next president.
"We have earlier said that he should not be a military man. But General Aoun told me that he has not been a military man for over 20 years. Anyway, it is up to the Lebanese to choose for themselves," Sfeir said.
Sfeir also commented on Aoun's forging of an agreement between his Free Patriotic Movement and Hizbullah, saying: "It is a positive move as the Christians cannot be a separate group. They should cooperate with all the Lebanese."
Sfeir mentioned the presence of various armed groups in Lebanon and the reported smuggling of weapons across the Syrian border, expressing concern over Lebanon's current political crisis and a possible outbreak of violence.
"Nobody wants war. The Arab countries are looking for a peaceful solution and so is the United States," he added.
Meanwhile, various anti-Syrian politicians have expressed the new-found conviction that Lahoud will remain in office until the end of his term in 2007. "The presidential issue has reached a dead end and the only way out is either to try and convince Lahoud to resign or by negotiating a deal with Syria," one such politician told The Daily Star.
Sources participating in the national dialogue said both the fate of Lahoud and Hizbullah's arms can only be resolved through direct Lebanese-Syrian talks, given Syria's considerable influence with Lahoud and the resistance.
While Premier Fouad Siniora is planning to meet with Syrian officials to mend relations, sources predicted such a visit was not likely to take place anytime soon. Lebanese officials have already relayed to Damascus a proposal for the agenda of Siniora's visit, but have not yet received a response. It has been reported that Syrian President Bashar Assad will receive Siniora once Lahoud approves the premier's agenda. This means that a series of internal talks is required to reach an agreement over Siniora's agenda. On Wednesday, Lahoud will head a special Cabinet session to discuss the government's economic reform plan. It was reported that Lahoud, along with various economic institutions, strongly rejects the plan to be proposed before an international donor conference to be held sometime this year in Beirut.In a separate development, Saudi Arabia's Foreign Affairs Minister Prince Saud al-Faisal said Tuesday that he hoped the national dialogue would succeed in mending Syrian-Lebanese relations.

Feltman repeats demand for freely elected president
American ambassador rails against 'foreign intervention'
Wednesday, April 05, 2006
BEIRUT: U.S. Ambassador Jeffrey Feltman said Monday that the United States remained committed to seeing Lebanese have a president who was elected freely, without foreign intervention. Feltman, addressing the staff at Al-Mustaqbal newspaper during a visit to the daily, said: "The United States' commitment to Lebanon remains strong and is not subject to negotiation or reconsideration."Asked by journalists at the Hariri family-owned newspaper about Washington's current stance on the presidential crisis, Feltman reiterated the U.S. administration's previously stated position, which favors a head of state who looks to the future. "Our position is based on Resolution 1559, which says Lebanon deserves a president who is elected according to the constitution without foreign intervention," Feltman said.
"We now repeat what Secretary of State (Condoleezza) Rice has said, that we are looking to the Lebanese presidency with an eye on the future not the past," he added. The United States is at the helm of an international campaign that wants to see the complete implementation of UN Security Council 1559. The edict calls for the withdrawal of foreign troops from Lebanon, free and fair presidential elections and the disarmament of all armed groups in the country.
While the first clause was implemented with the withdrawal of Syrian troops from the country in April last year, the last two have yet to be applied. Top political leaders at national dialogue talks have been discussing the presidential issue. However, the participants have reached a deadlock with regard to President Emile Lahoud's fate.
While the anti-Syrian opposition wants to remove the head of state from power, allies of Damascus want him to stay.
Negotiations were suspended Monday until April 28, which was set as the deadline for discussing the presidency.
Feltman said one of the most important changes in U.S. policy toward Lebanon was that Washington has separated the country from its broader Middle East policy. "We now have an independent policy that is not based on any elements in the area. There is a commitment at the White House to support the Lebanese people, and whatever happens this commitment will remain," the ambassador said. Asked if Washington favored a regime change in Syria or if it wanted to see Damascus change its behavior, Feltman expressed his country's wish to see Syria take a different course of action.
"The reason that relations between the United States and Syria have worsened is the behavior of its regime, especially toward Lebanon, Palestine and Iraq and its continued support for terrorism," the ambassador said. "I hope that Syria will engage in turning around this relationship," he added.
Meanwhile, U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Near East Affairs David Welch said that Washington's view of Damascus "remains fixed and its essence is that Syria is intervening in Lebanon."Speaking to a group of Jordanian journalists at the U.S. Embassy in Amman, Welch complained that "there are terrorist groups working out of Damascus," adding that some of the attacks on U.S. troops in Iraq were carried out by militants who infiltrated through the Syrian border.
"There are clear chances for the Syrian regime to change its behavior and the United States hopes it will take this decision," the U.S. official said. - Naharnet

Brammertz meets with local lawyers
Bar association offers assistance for hariri tribunal
By Leila Hatoum -Daily Star staff
Wednesday, April 05, 2006
BEIRUT: Serge Brammertz, the head of the UN probe into the assassination of former Premier Rafik Hariri, met with Boutros Doumit, the head of the Beirut Bar Association on Tuesday, along with the Bar's council members.
According to a statement issued by the Bar Association, the meeting revolved around the inner workings of the UN probe, the procedures followed by the Lebanese Judiciary, and the application of Lebanon's penal and criminal codes in the international tribunal being formed to try Hariri's assassins. The meeting also covered any possible legal consultations that the Bar can provide in any future trial, it added. According to the statement, Doumit informed Brammertz of the legal pitfalls likely to arise by applying Lebanese law in the international tribunal, and of the need for the tribunal to be erected outside of Lebanon.
Meanwhile, a judicial source denied rumors circulating Lebanon that a UN delegation will arrive in Lebanon in the coming 48 hours for meetings with the Justice Ministry on the specifics of the tribunal. The source said that "nothing is expected before April 15." Asked whether Detlev Mehlis, the former UN probe chief, would replace Brammertz at the end of his term, the source said he "hoped" that Brammertz "finishes his work by the end of his term, rather than seeing the investigations extended for another six months."Brammertz has said he does not intend to serve another term.
In related developments, Justice Minister Charles Rizk said in an interview with pan-Arab television station Al-Jazeera on Tuesday that Lebanon is awaiting the arrival of a UN delegation to ink an agreement on the principles of the tribunal, to which a Lebanese judicial delegation agreed in New York in February. Rizk confirmed that any such agreement would have to be presented to the Parliament for approval. The minister revealed that the talks would include "the appointing of an international general prosecutor," who will receive a final investigation report from Brammertz.
Rizk added that the UN has agreed to several points presented by the Lebanese delegation regarding the nature of the tribunal, including the implementation of Lebanese law, "with the modifications which the international community demands
regarding the death penalty. Then there is the fact that the tribunal would include Lebanese, Arab and foreign magistrates."
He added that "the trial will consist of two phases as the international community always requests the possibility to appeal a tribunal's decision. Rizk also said that he contacted UN special envoy to Lebanon Geir Pedersen on Monday, and that Pedersen promised him that "he will follow up the matter in New York to hurry things along."
According to Rizk, "the Lebanese are in a hurry because there is no reason for delay."
Also Tuesday, the State Prosecutor's Office received copies of witnesses' statements and other relevant information from the UN commission.

Syria issues warrants against Lebanese MP, minister, journalist
(AFP)4 April 2006 BEIRUT — A Syrian court has issued warrants for prominent anti-Syrian Lebanese MP Walid Jumblatt, telecommunication minister Marwan Hamadeh and journalist Fares Khashan, Hamadeh said yesterday. “There were warrants for questioning ordered by a Syrian penal tribunal... against Walid Jumblatt, myself and journalist Fares Khashan,” Hamadeh told reporters. It was not clear if the warrants were linked to a reported lawsuit against Jumblatt in a Syrian military court. Hamadeh said he considered the warrants “a threat against our security, after all that happened.”Jumblatt is one of the leaders of Lebanon’s anti-Syrian parliament majority which has accused Syria of involvement in a series of bombings, including a failed attempt on Hamadeh’s life and the murder of former premier Rafik Hariri in February 2005.
Hamadeh said he will tell the UN commission investigating Hariri’s death about the Syrian warrants.

Iran's spies watching us, says Israel
By Con Coughlin Defence and Security Editor, on Israel's northern border
(Filed: 04/04/2006)
Iran has set up a sophisticated intelligence gathering operation in southern Lebanon to identify targets in northern Israel in the event of a military confrontation over its controversial nuclear programme.
Senior Israeli military commanders say Iran has spent tens of millions of pounds helping its close ally, Hizbollah, the Shia Muslim militant group that controls southern Lebanon, to set up a network of control towers and monitoring stations along the entire length of Israel's border with south Lebanon.
Some of the new control towers, which are made of reinforced concrete and fitted with bullet-proof reflective glass, are less than 100 yards from Israeli army positions and are clearly visible for long stretches along Israel's border.
"This is now Iran's front line with Israel," a senior Israeli military commander said. "The Iranians are using Hizbollah to spy on us so that they can collect information for future attacks. And there is very little we can do about it."
The Israeli military has reported a significant increase in Hizbollah activity in southern Lebanon since Syria came under intense international pressure to withdraw its forces from the area last year following the assassination of the Lebanese prime minister Rafik Hariri.
Israeli military officers report that teams of Iran's Revolutionary Guards travel regularly to southern Lebanon to help train local Hizbollah fighters in terrorist tactics. Tensions between Iran and Israel have intensified dramatically since the election last summer of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad as Iran's new leader. Israel has repeatedly threatened to take military action to prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons, and the new Iranian government has responded by calling for Israel's destruction.
Senior Israeli military officers believe Iran is deliberately exploiting the power vacuum caused by Syria's withdrawal to intensify pressure on Israel's northern border.
Hizbollah is aware that Israel is keen to maintain friendly relations with the new government in Lebanon and believes it can act freely in southern Lebanon without provoking retaliatory strikes from Israel.
Officers report a sharp increase in border incidents between Hizbollah fighters and Israeli units on the northern border, with the main flash points located at the disputed Druze village of Ghajar, which is divided by the border between Israel and Lebanon, and Mount Dov, which Hizbollah also claims should be part of Lebanon.
The situation is now regarded as so serious that many senior Israeli officers openly admit to missing the restraining influence of Syria over Hizbollah.
"When the Syrians were in Lebanon it was easy for us to control Hizbollah," said an officer with Israel's northern command. "If things got too tense we could put pressure on Damascus and the Syrians would act quickly to calm things down."
Although the Lebanese government technically controls the border area, its military is not considered strong enough to control Hizbollah, which takes its orders directly from Teheran.
"Iran is playing a very dangerous game of cat and mouse on our northern border and it could easily spiral out of control at any moment," said the officer.
In recent weeks Hizbollah sent unmanned aircraft on reconnaissance missions over the border to photograph sensitive Israeli military installations. The spy planes returned to base before being detected by air defence systems.
In addition to providing intelligence-gathering and communications equipment, Iran has also equipped Hizbollah with improved weapons and ammunition to launch attacks against Israel, including heavy mortars and rockets with a range of up to 30 miles.

SYRIA: Profiles of three key players

DAMASCUS, 3 Apr 2006 (IRIN) -
Bashar al-Assad – President
Bashar al-Assad has variously been described as the “enigma of Damascus” and of running a “dictatorship without a dictator”. After nearly six years in power, the 40-year old president, who inherited a state founded on security and economic protectionism, has shown himself to be neither the reformist that was hoped for nor the dictator that was feared.
After the death of his elder brother Bassel in a 1994 car crash, Bashar – then training as an ophthalmologist in London – returned to Syria to be groomed for the succession. His father, Hafez, had been the ruler of Syria for 30 years.
Bashar went from head of the Syrian Computing Society to heir-apparent, leading anti-corruption drives, undergoing military training and taking over Syria’s day-to-day running of Lebanese affairs. After a brief thaw in political life that followed his assumption of power in 2000, political reform quickly took a back seat to the liberalisation of the economy, a goal towards which Bashar has been partly successful.
But questions remain as to his reform agenda. His battle with the change-resistant old guard of his father’s generation has given way to challenges facing him over an alleged Syrian role in the assassination of the former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri. A UN investigation into the crime has pointed the finger at the Syrian security services, although this remains strenuously denied by Damascus.
Farouk al-Shara was appointed ambassador to Rome in 1976. Eight years later, he was appointed minister of foreign affairs, taking over from Abdel Halim Khaddam. Al-Shara held the post for 22 years until February 2006, making him one of the longest serving foreign ministers in the world. During the mid-1980s, Shara was crucial to Syria’s support for Iran during Tehran’s war with the regime of former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein.
In 1991, al-Shara helped former President Hafez al-Assad negotiate Syria’s involvement in Operation Desert Storm, the US-led war to liberate Kuwait from Iraqi occupation following UN Security Council Resolution 678. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in the same year, al-Shara was charged with repairing Syria’s relations with the US. For a decade he also tried to negotiate a peace deal with Israel based on the “land-for-peace” formula, although talks broke down at Washington-backed summits in 1991, 1999 and 2000.
Al-Shara has gained a reputation as a harsh critic of Israel and a staunch defender of Arab and Syrian rights. His promotion to vice-president in February was meant to fill a role not seen before in Syrian politics by taking charge of what the state media has called “executing foreign and media policy under the directions of the president”.
Abdel-Halim Khaddam – Former vice-president, exiled opposition leader
Abdel-Halim Khaddam worked to build Syria’s Ba’ath Party for over half a century. After serving as governor of Hama during the Muslim Brotherhood uprising in that city, Khaddam later governed Quneitra, the town in the Syrian Golan region lost to Israel during the 1967 Arab-Israeli war. When Hafez al-Assad seized the presidency in 1970, Khaddam began a three-decade period as his trusted aid. He quickly rose through the ranks, serving as foreign minister from 1970 to 1984 – a post which he used to lay the strategic foundations for Syrian-Iranian relations – before becoming vice-president.
After Hafez’s son Bashar became president in 2000, however, Khaddam saw his power and influence drastically curtailed. He eventually resigned from his position in the party at last year’s Ba’ath party conference. At the end of 2005, the former minister went into exile in Paris, where he began an unprecedented attack on Syria’s president, who he accused of ordering the assassination of former Lebanese premier Rafik Hariri. Once a man implacably opposed to political Islam and an architect of one-party rule in Syria, Khaddam now spearheads an exiled opposition alliance with the outlawed Muslim Brotherhood, saying he will bring democracy to Syria within months.[ENDS]

Syria: New crackdown on government opponents
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL
PRESS RELEASE
AI Index: MDE 24/031/2006 (Public)
News Service No: 087
3 April 2006- Reacting to a recent wave of arrests of activists and others in Syria and yesterday's sentencing of a civil society activist to five years in prison, Amnesty International today called on the Syrian government to immediately release all those arrested for peacefully expressing their opinions.
"This new crackdown on suspected government opponents is deeply troubling," said Malcolm Smart, Director of Amnesty International's Middle East and North Africa programme. "We are particularly concerned that many of these people are being held in incommunicado detention, where they are at risk of torture." Scores have been arrested from across the social and political spectrum in Syria in recent months -- including Kurds, Islamists, human rights activists, writers, students and leftists -- while others have been harshly sentenced after unfair trials. At least several hundred political prisoners remain detained in Syria, many of whom are prisoners of conscience. Most were sentenced by the Supreme State Security Court (SSSC) or Military Court, both of which suffer from a gross lack of independence and impartiality. The political and social life in the country is strictly controlled by the Ba'th Party, which has maintained a State of Emergency in Syria for 43 years.
Those held incommunicado are at high risk of torture and ill-treatment, which is common in Syrian interrogation and detention centres. Yesterday, civil society activist Riyad Drar was sentenced to five years in prison by the SSSC, whose trial procedures are grossly unfair, due to a speech he gave at the funeral of Kurdish Sheikh Muhammad Ma'shuq al-Khiznaw. Al-Khiznaw was killed by suspected government agents on 30 May 2005, days after he "disappeared".
Also yesterday, the SSSC sentenced 'Abd al-Sattar Qattan to death for membership of the banned Muslim Brotherhood organisation. The court then commuted the sentence to 12 years in prison.
"We are also seeing a pattern of intimidation on the part of the authorities that involves the arrest, usually for a period of up to several days, of human rights defenders and pro-democracy activists," said Malcolm Smart. "We call on the Syrian authorities to release immediately those held for their involvement in human rights-promoting activities, for their peaceful beliefs and for the peaceful expression of their opinions."
Recent arrests and sentences include:
On 31 March, the writer Muhammad Ghanem was arrested at his house by agents of Military Intelligence and taken to an unknown location. Muhammad Ghanem is well-known for his internet writings, particularly on the issue of Syrian Kurds.
On 28 March it was reported that three students -- Muhammad Osama Kash, 'Abd al-Rahman al-Sherif and Huseyn Rajeb al-'Abood -- were sentenced to 10 years imprisonment by the SSSC due to their 'Islamist' identity. Journalist 'Ali al-'Abdullah and his son Muhammad 'Ali al-'Abdullah were arrested on 23 March and remain held incommunicado at an unknown location. It is thought their detention may be linked to their participation in the weekly demonstration that occurs outside the SSSC when it is in session. Another of 'Ali al-'Abdullah's sons, 'Omar, is one of eight students being held incommunicado, reportedly at the Air Force Intelligence Branch the town of Harasta, near Damascus, because of their alleged involvement in a small, pro-democracy youth movement. The eight students were arrested at various dates since 26 January. On 19 March, the SSSC handed down seven-year sentences to two Kurds and two-and-a-half-year sentences to three Kurds convicted of "membership of an unauthorised organisation" and "attempting to annex part of Syrian territory to another state". These charges are routinely levied against Syrian Kurdish activists.  On 20 March, scores of Syrian Kurds were arrested -- and most remain held at unknown locations -- following Nowruz (the lunar 'New Year') celebrations in Aleppo that were forcefully dispersed by the security forces.
Other human rights defenders and pro-democracy activists arrested for short periods in recent days include Michel Kilo, Fida al-Hurani, Aktham Nu'ayse, Hassan 'Abd al-'Aziz, Suleyman Yusef, Najati Tayyara, Samir al-Nashar, 'Abd al-Razaq 'Eid, Muhammad Walid al-Kabeer and Dr 'Ammar Qurabi.
Public Document
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For more information please call Amnesty International's press office in London, UK, on +44 20 7413 5566
Amnesty International, 1 Easton St., London WC1X 0DW. web: http://www.amnesty.org
For latest human rights news view http://news.amnesty.org

Insight And Power
Abdallah Iskandar Al-Hayat - 04/04/06//
The lashing out session directed at those concerned during the controversy at the onset of the Ministers' meeting in Lebanon should have been a weeping session, although the irony and acting prevailed over the essence of politics and the administration of a country in crisis. It was possible for the heated argument to turn into a physical clash since the anger was heightened to a climax. Nothing hampers such development in the future, since nothing will impede the cumulative row from leading the dialogue to an end.
Some of those involved in the row have the insight, yet are helpless, while others lack the insight but are powerful.
The first category is wagering on the future, given its current weakness; seeking to explain its situation in all ways, only to be surprised in finding that its viewpoint does not bear the assumed support. It is frustrated, both inside and outside. Stances are the only thing left to be registered for History.
The second category is working on firmly consolidating its current situation, based on its power. It is not ready for wagers that transfer this power to its rivals, who steer the international resolutions targeting the sources of this power. At the same time, it is incapable to look up to the future, the stability of which requires acknowledging the right of others to be different and to defend their stances.
The battle is a controversy; it is fluctuating up and down to the tune of what supposedly is the impetus of events, from the international investigation into Hariri's assassination to the implementation of resolution 1559, the investigation tackling the Syrian situation, the arms of "Hezbollah," the Palestinian militias, and the fate of the President of the Republic.
Based on the leaks stemming from one or another file, the pendulum is swinging towards the first category at times and the second category at other times. In this case, the victorious inclination prevails, coupled with intransigence translated in driving the dialogue towards an escalation on the one hand. One week after, the inclination could switch to its opposite, hence, the dialogue stays at a standstill. Without any serious progress, since the powerful is always capable of absorbing the plummeting phase, only to start out strongly in the next phase.
This is what happened mid last week, in Khartoum and Beirut. In the Sudanese capital, following a large-scale PR campaign carried out by the Syrian diplomacy, the powerful succeeded in imposing their point of view with respect to the arms of "Hezbollah", making it the only resistance in Lebanon. Any proposal to examine the issue thus becomes a violation of an Arab summit decision, which is not lenient towards confronting Israel from the Lebanese south and no other.
The Arab coverage of this stance, as nearly all Arab stances in facing crises during summits, favors the immediate, easiest, unilateral, and simple solutions. The observers saw the leaders' stances in Khartoum vis-à-vis the Lebanese crises as replicating the ones expressed by the poles of Arab parties and syndicates that are proficient at solidarity in capitals that assume the fees of their travel, stay, and some personal expenses. Just as a leader is excited by the power of solidarity speeches on the faculty stage, the Lebanese President was thrilled by the speeches of Khartoum. He went back home empowered by this solidarity, in addition to the power he is drawing from his alliance with the internal parties.
The inflated feeling of power on the one hand and the growing feeling of frustration on the other hand lead to a session of cursing… Some probably sought to end the phase of the dialogue that is supposed to be resumed on Monday. Indeed, they felt so powerful that they no longer need this dialogue. They may also consider that the due related to the investigation and the UN resolution 1559 has become very pressing, thus needed to sweep the table beforehand and severe ties with everyone. After all, insight cannot fight and withstand a hard-hitting power.